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  • Carbon Intensity(gCO₂eq/kWh)

    The carbon intensity represents the amount of greenhouse gas emitted (gCO₂eq) per unit of electricity (kWh) on the grid. It can be calculated for each time interval, for each geographical entity, by combining electricity mix data with technology-specific emission factors.

    Flow-tracing

    • If the carbon intensity is computed using the flow-traced electricity mix, it represents the amount of emissions for each unit of electricity consumed, taking into account all electricity flows across interconnected grids
    • If the carbon intensity is computed using the production mix, it represents the amount of emissions for each unit of electricity produced.

    Emission factors

    • If lifecycle emission factors are used to compute the carbon intensity, all emissions throughout the power plant and fuel lifetime are captured. It includes operational emissions, but also emissions associated to the build-up and dismantelment of power generators, fuel extraction, etc...
    • If direct emission factors are used to compute the carbon intensity, only operational emissions from the electricity generation are accounted for.

    Default

    By default the carbon intensity is based on the flow-traced electricity consumption mix and using lifecycle emission factors.

    View Methodology Documentation
    Geographical Coverage
    Availability
    Date Range

    Historical

    Jan. 1, 2017 - Nov. 20, 2025

    Real-time

    Nov. 20 - Nov. 21, 2025

    Forecast

    Nov. 21 - Nov. 24, 2025

    API Access
    Historical
    Real-time
    Forecast
    Temporal Granularity
    5 minutes
    15 minutes
    hourly
    daily
    monthly
    quarterly
    yearly
    Available as CSV
    View in Datasets

  • Renewable Energy(%)

    The renewable electricity percentage represents the share of electricity on the grid coming from renewable generation. It can be calculated for each time interval, for each geographical entity, from the electricity mix data, with a classification table that defines what generation technologies are considered as renewable.

    Renewable generation technologies

    TechnologyIncluded
    CoalNo
    GasNo
    OilNo
    UnknownZone-specific
    NuclearNo
    WindYes
    SolarYes
    GeothermalYes
    BiomassYes
    Hydro StorageZone-specific
    Battery StorageZone-specific

    Flow-tracing

    • If the renewable electricity share is computed using the flow-traced electricity mix, it represents the share of renewable electricity in each unit of electricity consumed.
    • If the renewable electricity share is computed using the electricity production mix, it represents the share of renewable electricity in the electricity production mix.

    Default

    By default the renewable electricity percentage is based on the flow-traced electricity mix.

    Geographical Coverage
    Availability
    Date Range

    Historical

    Jan. 1, 2017 - Nov. 20, 2025

    Real-time

    Nov. 20 - Nov. 21, 2025

    Forecast

    Nov. 21 - Nov. 24, 2025

    API Access
    Historical
    Real-time
    Forecast
    Temporal Granularity
    5 minutes
    15 minutes
    hourly
    daily
    monthly
    quarterly
    yearly
    Available as CSV
    View in Datasets
    Alternative Wording
    Renewable Energy Share
    Renewable Electricity
    Renewable Electricity Percentage
    Renewable Electricity Share

  • Carbon-free Energy(%)

    The carbon-free electricity percentage represents the share of electricity on the grid coming from generation technologies that don't emit greenhouse gases when operating. It can be calculated for each time interval, for each geographical entity, from the electricity mix data, with a classification table that defines what generation technologies are considered as carbon-free. This includes all renewables and nuclear generation.

    Carbon-free generation technologies

    TechnologyIncluded
    CoalNo
    GasNo
    OilNo
    UnknownZone-specific
    NuclearYes
    WindYes
    SolarYes
    GeothermalYes
    BiomassYes
    Hydro StorageZone-specific
    Battery StorageZone-specific

    Flow-tracing

    • If the carbon-free electricity share is computed using the flow-traced electricity mix, it represents the share of carbon-free energy in each unit of electricity consumed.
    • If the carbon-free electricity share is computed using the electricity production mix, it represents the share of carbon-free energy in the electricity production mix.

    Default

    By default the carbon-free electricity percentage is based on the flow-traced electricity mix.

    View Methodology Documentation
    Geographical Coverage
    Availability
    Date Range

    Historical

    Jan. 1, 2017 - Nov. 20, 2025

    Real-time

    Nov. 20 - Nov. 21, 2025

    Forecast

    Nov. 21 - Nov. 24, 2025

    API Access
    Historical
    Real-time
    Forecast
    Temporal Granularity
    5 minutes
    15 minutes
    hourly
    daily
    monthly
    quarterly
    yearly
    Available as CSV
    View in Datasets
    Alternative Wording
    Carbon-free Energy Share
    Carbon-free Electricity
    Carbon-free Electricity Percentage
    Carbon-free Electricity Share

  • Price Day-ahead(<currency>/MWh)

    The day-ahead electricity price is the wholesale electricity price from the day-ahead market.

    The day-ahead market

    The day-ahead market is operated daily, for the following day and has a central role in defining the price of electricity that flows through electricity grids.

    For each time interval, and within each market, the price is derived by matching offers from electricity producers and consumers by the market operator.

    Generally, prices for the day-ahead market are published soon after noon (local time) for the following day.

    Geographies

    USA

    Day-ahead electricity prices are defined at multiple geographical levels, from price nodes to load zones or hubs, and are called locational marginal prices (LMPs). Support not yet enabled.

    Europe, Japan, Australia

    There is one day-ahead market per area (also referred to as market area, or bidding zone, ex: DE in Europe, or NSW in Australia). The wholesale price of electricity will thus be unique and equal throughout the area.

    Geographical Coverage
    Availability
    Date Range

    Historical

    Jan. 1, 2017 - Nov. 20, 2025

    Real-time

    Nov. 20 - Nov. 21, 2025

    Forecast

    Nov. 21 - Nov. 24, 2025

    API Access
    Historical
    Real-time
    Forecast
    Temporal Granularity
    5 minutes
    15 minutes
    hourly
    Alternative Wording
    Electricity Price
    Spot Price
    Wholesale Electricity Price

  • Total Load(MW)

    The total load represents the amount of power that is drawn from the electricity grid at any point in time. Electricity Maps' total load is based on the flow-traced total consumption and is calculated as:

    Total load = Net generation - Exports + Imports - Storage + Discharge

    Forecasting the total load is essential for Transmission System Operators (TSOs) to control the grid within safe operational limits.

    Other definitions

    Other definitions and nuances of total load co-exist, but must not be mistaken with the above definition. Different system operators define the total load differently, which we have regrouped under the signal called total system load. These might not be consistent with Electricity Maps' total load.

    Geographical Coverage
    Availability
    Date Range

    Historical

    Jan. 1, 2017 - Nov. 20, 2025

    Real-time

    Nov. 20 - Nov. 21, 2025

    Forecast

    Nov. 21 - Nov. 24, 2025

    API Access
    Historical
    Real-time
    Forecast
    Temporal Granularity
    5 minutes
    15 minutes
    hourly
    daily
    monthly
    quarterly
    yearly
    Alternative Wording
    Total Electricity Consumption
    Demand

  • Total Reported Load(MW)

    The total reported load represents the amount of power that is drawn from the electricity grid at any point in time, as reported by system operators across the world.

    Total reported load = Net generation - Exports + Imports - Losses
    Different system operators might have different definitions for what they report as the total load. Some include losses, and discard storage, others don't. Electricity Maps cannot guarantee a unique definiton for this signal. head over to total load for that.

    Known definitions

    SourceDefinition
    ENTSO-ETotal load = Net generation – Exports + Imports – Absorbed energy
    EIATotal load = Net generation - Net exports
    ELEXONTotal load = Net generation – Exports + Imports – Absorbed energy
    ......
    Geographical Coverage
    Availability
    Date Range

    Historical

    Jan. 1, 2017 - Nov. 20, 2025

    Real-time

    Nov. 20 - Nov. 21, 2025

    Forecast

    Nov. 21 - Nov. 24, 2025

    API Access
    Historical
    Real-time
    Forecast
    Temporal Granularity
    5 minutes
    15 minutes
    hourly

  • Net Load(MW)

    The net load represents the amount of power that is drawn from the electricity grid, from which is deduced the variable renewable electricity (solar and wind). It can be calculated as:

    Net load = Total load - Wind power - Solar power

    Flow-tracing

    • If the amount of wind and solar power deduced from the total load are from the flow-traced electricity mix, the net load accounts for the wind and solar produced within a zone, as well as their importance in the electricity exchanged with neighbours.
    • Otherwise, it is simply the wind and solar generation that are deduced from the total load.

    Default

    By default, the net load is computed by using the flow-traced wind and solar power.

    Geographical Coverage
    Availability
    Date Range

    Historical

    Jan. 1, 2017 - Nov. 20, 2025

    Real-time

    Nov. 20 - Nov. 21, 2025

    Forecast

    Nov. 21 - Nov. 24, 2025

    API Access
    Historical
    Real-time
    Forecast
    Temporal Granularity
    5 minutes
    15 minutes
    hourly
    Alternative Wording
    Residual Load

  • Electricity Mix(MW)

    The electricity mix is the breakdown of the electricity available on the grid by technology (wind, coal, solar..).

    Flow-tracing

    • If the electricity mix is computed with flow-tracing, it represents the breakdown of electricity consumed on the grid per technology, taking into account electricity flows with neighboring grids and their respective electricity mix
    • If the electricity mix only concerns production, it represents the breakdown of electricity generated for the grid per technology.

    Default

    By default the electricity mix is flow-traced as it represents a much more physically accurate representation of the electricity consumed.

    Geographical Coverage
    Availability
    Date Range

    Historical

    Jan. 1, 2017 - Nov. 20, 2025

    Real-time

    Nov. 20 - Nov. 21, 2025

    Forecast

    Nov. 21 - Nov. 24, 2025

    API Access
    Historical
    Real-time
    Forecast
    Temporal Granularity
    5 minutes
    15 minutes
    hourly
    daily
    monthly
    quarterly
    yearly
    Alternative Wording
    Power Breakdown
    Power Mix

  • Electricity Flows(MW)

    The electricity flows represent the electricity transmitted between different areas through interconnectors.

    Flow-tracing

    Electricity flows are an essential component to our flow-tracing methodology. Electricity exchanged through interconnectors represent in some areas a significant portion of the total load. As a result, only considering the electricity production mix is in most cases inaccurate. Sometimes, a significant share of grid emissions come from imported electricity. It does not represent the mix of electricity available to consumers on the grid, also called the flow-traced electricity mix.

    Geographical Coverage
    Availability
    Date Range

    Historical

    Jan. 1, 2017 - Nov. 20, 2025

    Real-time

    Nov. 20 - Nov. 21, 2025

    Forecast

    Nov. 21 - Nov. 24, 2025

    API Access
    Historical
    Real-time
    Forecast
    Temporal Granularity
    5 minutes
    15 minutes
    hourly
    Alternative Wording
    Exchanges
    Imports & Exports
    Net Imports
    Cross-border Transmission